@FAU @womenknowhistory @histodons @earlymodern

Félicité picks up on the fascinating example of trading companies: Although no sovereign powers from a European perspective, they acted quite independently in Asia for example and in fact helped the European monarchies establishing diplomatic contacts. She argues that “these institutions both co-produced diplomacy and were produced by diplomacy.” Thus, focussing on the sending institutions of #emdiplomacy deepens our understanding of early modern European political culture and state formation in general. (5/5)

@FAU @womenknowhistory @histodons @earlymodern

Therefore, in a second step, Félicité discusses the diversity of political entities that enganged in diplomacy. These were not only the great powers and European kingdoms, but also smaller political actors, such as duchies or city states or even trading companies or religious orders. For these precarious actors diplomatic interaction was in a way key to their political survival. It kept them in the game and contributed to stabilizing their status. (4/5)

@histodons @historikerinnen @earlymodern

Braun & Bechtold stress that diets were a diplomatic sphere sui generis, especially with regard to the ceremonial, that differed not only from courtly #diplomacy but also from #emdiplomcy at #peacecongresses, although both of course were points of references.
Furthermore, they ask for more comparative studies that compare the Imperial diet in its different forms as diplomatic spheres and places of international interaction with other assemblies of the estates, such as the Swiss Tagsatzung or the Polish Sjem.
Only the, can we understand the characteristics of #emdiplomacy at assemblies of the estates. (7/7)

@earlymodern @histodons @historikerinnen

In order to get an even better understanding of the position and opportunities of cities as diplomatic actors in #emdiplomacy Gerber asks for more comparative research that not only focusses on one city but puts different case studies into perspective.

Thus, Gerber shows yet again the diversity of #emdiplomacy. (5/5)

@earlymodern @histodons @historikerinnen

Gerber gives us a brought overview looking at Italian, Dutch and Swiss city states, Imperial cities and the Hanse. Gerber argues that cities were precarious diplomatic actors that always had to defend their position, as urban autonomy was on the decline during the #earlymodern period. Nonetheless, they used a great variety of diplomatic tools as well as their economic weight to reassert their position and status as diplomatic actors. (4/5)

@earlymodern @histodons @historikerinnen

We are back from our holiday break with more #emdiplomacy content!
Today, it’s time to introduce Alexander Gerber! He is managing director at the center of historical peace research at the university of Bonn, the place where the documents of the Westphalian #peacecongress are edited. Gerber also writes his PhD on the ceremonial and procedures of the Imperial estates at the #Westphalianpeacecongress.
Thus, it is not surprising, that for @emdiplomacy Gerber is looking at towns and cities as sphere of #earlymodern #diplomacy. (2/6)

@earlymodern @histodons @historikerinnen

When talking about #emdiplomacy and #earlymodern #courts, we must define what we mean when we say court. Osborne offers two general dimensions of the term: first it means all the people who serve the prince and the princely family in very different capacities. Second, the court is a concrete place: a palace or several palaces and residences, as it was only during the early modern period that courts became more and more static, instead of constantly travelling. (4/9)

And the "AGBI" abbreviation, a mockery of the many abbreviations with prognostication powers of #earlymodernEurope, refers to the 4 enemies of Spain: Anglia #England, Gallia #France, Brigantia #Portugal, and #India.

To understand this detail, we need to set the print in context: The broadside was printed in 1665 Augsburg as a media echo to an earlier published broadside that offered more explanations on the AGBI theme and the mocking of prognostications with Spanish themes. #bookhistory

3/3

"Also available on these paper markets were used and old papers from unsold, rejected, or slow-selling books, as well as from ephemeral publications like small pamphlets and cheap newspapers that were systematically sold to customers like fishmongers and grocers..."

https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004424005/BP000010.xml page 19.

The material world of #EarlyModernEurope was deeply connected to the paper worlds of the period. It was a paper age, and old papers were re-used and recycled all the time. #histodons

2/2

Paper was used for more than just writing, drawing, and printing, as #histodons of #EarlyModernEurope know. Paper was mainly used for wrapping purposes too, as I said here in my introduction to the volume "The Paper Trade in Early Modern Europe. Practices, Materials, Networks"

https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004424005/BP000010.xml

Tobacco, seeds, peppercorns etc. needed paper wrappers to get sold in small units. #PaperHistory

2/2

@hab_wf #earlymoderneurope #bookhistory #Schreibkalender #almanacs #histodons