Ruth Mottram<p>See also: developing + running <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/ClimateModels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateModels</span></a><br>From: <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://mastodon.gamedev.place/@georgebsocial" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>georgebsocial</span></a></span> <br><a href="https://mastodon.gamedev.place/@georgebsocial/113806193743006350" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">mastodon.gamedev.place/@george</span><span class="invisible">bsocial/113806193743006350</span></a></p>
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#climatemodels
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Ruth Mottram<p>After diving into this field for the last year, I very much agree with this bit: </p><p>"most of the near-term results using ML will be in areas where the ML allows us to tackle big data type problems more efficiently than we could do before. This will lead to more skillful models, and perhaps better predictions, and allow us to increase resolution and detail faster than expected. Real progress will not be as fast as some of the more breathless commentaries have suggested, but progress will be real."</p><p><a href="https://fediscience.org/@Ruth_Mottram/113775294023850288" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">fediscience.org/@Ruth_Mottram/</span><span class="invisible">113775294023850288</span></a><br>Ruth_Mottram - One of few <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/ClimateBlogs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateBlogs</span></a> to still reliably get good comments, likely because of insightful content : @RealClimate has a very good piece by @climateofgavin on <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/AI" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AI</span></a> in <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/climatemodels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>climatemodels</span></a> with which I concur completely</p><p><a href="https://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2024/12/ai-caramba/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">realclimate.org/index.php/arch</span><span class="invisible">ives/2024/12/ai-caramba/</span></a></p>
Ruth Mottram<p>One of few <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/ClimateBlogs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateBlogs</span></a> to still reliably get good comments, likely because of insightful content : <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://portal.0svc.com/u/RealClimate" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>RealClimate</span></a></span> has a very good piece by <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://beta.birdsite.live/users/climateofgavin" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>climateofgavin</span></a></span> on <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/AI" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AI</span></a> in <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/climatemodels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>climatemodels</span></a> with which I concur completely</p><p><a href="https://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2024/12/ai-caramba/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">realclimate.org/index.php/arch</span><span class="invisible">ives/2024/12/ai-caramba/</span></a></p>
Ruth Mottram<p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://fediscience.org/@Ruth_Mottram" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>Ruth_Mottram</span></a></span> Really excellent talk by Jun Inoue of <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/NIPR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>NIPR</span></a> with really excellent new data on <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/clouds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>clouds</span></a>.<br>Good to hear the data is <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/OpenData" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>OpenData</span></a> too <br>The clouds are really still a big problem in <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/ClimateModels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateModels</span></a> as there are so many knock-on effects... </p><p><a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/PolarCordex" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PolarCordex</span></a> <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/PolarClimate" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PolarClimate</span></a></p>
DoomsdaysCW<p>“<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Nature</span></a> has so far balanced our abuse. This is coming to an end,” - <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/JohanRockstr%C3%B6m" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>JohanRockström</span></a>, director of the Potsdam Institute for <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ClimateImpact" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateImpact</span></a> Research.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Trees" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Trees</span></a> and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/land" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>land</span></a> absorbed almost no <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/CO2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CO2</span></a> last year. Is nature’s <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/CarbonSink" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CarbonSink</span></a> failing?</p><p>The sudden collapse of carbon sinks was not factored into <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ClimateModels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateModels</span></a> – and could rapidly accelerate <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/GlobalHeating" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>GlobalHeating</span></a></p><p>by Patrick Greenfield, October 14, 2024</p><p>"It begins each day at nightfall. As the light disappears, billions of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/zooplankton" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>zooplankton</span></a>, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/crustaceans" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>crustaceans</span></a> and other marine organisms rise to the ocean surface to feed on microscopic <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/algae" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>algae</span></a>, returning to the depths at sunrise. The waste from this frenzy – Earth’s largest migration of creatures – sinks to the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ocean" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ocean</span></a> floor, removing millions of tonnes of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/carbon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>carbon</span></a> from the atmosphere each year.</p><p>"This activity is one of thousands of natural processes that regulate the Earth’s climate. Together, the planet’s oceans, forests, soils and other natural carbon sinks absorb about half of all <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/HumanEmissions" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>HumanEmissions</span></a>.</p><p>"But as the Earth heats up, scientists are increasingly concerned that those crucial processes are breaking down.</p><p>"In 2023, the hottest year ever recorded, preliminary findings by an international team of researchers show the amount of carbon absorbed by land has temporarily collapsed. The final result was that <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/forest" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>forest</span></a>, plants and soil – as a net category – absorbed almost no carbon.</p><p>"There are warning signs at sea, too. <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Greenland" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Greenland</span></a>’s Glaciers and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ArcticIceSheets" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ArcticIceSheets</span></a> are melting faster than expected, which is disrupting the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/GulfStream" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>GulfStream</span></a> ocean current and slows the rate at which oceans absorb carbon. For the algae-eating zooplankton, melting sea ice is exposing them to more sunlight – a shift scientists say could keep them in the depths for longer, disrupting the vertical migration that stores carbon on the ocean floor."</p><p>Read more:<br><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/oct/14/nature-carbon-sink-collapse-global-heating-models-emissions-targets-evidence-aoe" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">theguardian.com/environment/20</span><span class="invisible">24/oct/14/nature-carbon-sink-collapse-global-heating-models-emissions-targets-evidence-aoe</span></a></p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ClimateChange" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateChange</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ClimateCrisis" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateCrisis</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ClimateCatastrophe" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateCatastrophe</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Exctinction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Exctinction</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/GlobalWarming" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>GlobalWarming</span></a></p>
CelloMom On Cars<p>Factcheck: Why the recent ‘acceleration’ in global warming is what scientists expect</p><p>"There is increasing evidence of an <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/acceleration" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>acceleration</span></a> in the rate of warming over the past 15 years.</p><p>This acceleration is broadly in line with projections from the latest generation of <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/ClimateModels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateModels</span></a>.</p><p>The speed up in warming projected in the latest climate models (known as CMIP6) is similar to the acceleration estimated by prominent climate scientist Dr James Hansen and colleagues."</p><p><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/factcheck-why-the-recent-acceleration-in-global-warming-is-what-scientists-expect/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">carbonbrief.org/factcheck-why-</span><span class="invisible">the-recent-acceleration-in-global-warming-is-what-scientists-expect/</span></a></p>
michael<p>my features published in <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/CurrentBiology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CurrentBiology</span></a> this year, issue 5: The <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/NorthAtlantic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>NorthAtlantic</span></a> has several climate tipping elements that may pass their <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/TippingPoints" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>TippingPoints</span></a> soon, including <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/AMOC" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AMOC</span></a> <a href="https://proseandpassion.blogspot.com/2024/03/tipping-over.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">proseandpassion.blogspot.com/2</span><span class="invisible">024/03/tipping-over.html</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>science</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/ClimateCatastrophe" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateCatastrophe</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/CurrentBiology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CurrentBiology</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/ScienceJournalism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ScienceJournalism</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/ProseAndPassion" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ProseAndPassion</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/environment" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>environment</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/ClimateModels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateModels</span></a></p>
Ariadne<p><a href="https://climatejustice.social/tags/TippingPoints" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>TippingPoints</span></a> are everywhere! Including and especially in <a href="https://climatejustice.social/tags/Climate" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Climate</span></a>, <a href="https://climatejustice.social/tags/ClimateScience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateScience</span></a>, <a href="https://climatejustice.social/tags/ClimateModels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateModels</span></a>, <a href="https://climatejustice.social/tags/ClimateChange" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateChange</span></a> and the <a href="https://climatejustice.social/tags/ClimateCrisis" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateCrisis</span></a>. Understanding tipping points in Earth's climate and <a href="https://climatejustice.social/tags/oceans" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>oceans</span></a> are crucial to our success or failure to rescue our planet, and of course to the success or failure of <a href="https://climatejustice.social/tags/Cop28" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Cop28</span></a>. </p><p>So what is a <a href="https://climatejustice.social/tags/TippingPoint" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>TippingPoint</span></a>, really? This not too technical and short article by van Nes, Arani, Staal et al. does a great job describing what tipping points are (and might be) with good illustrations. Highly recommend reading it! (Spoiler alert - there is no scientific and/or mathematical consensus on the definition of tipping point.</p><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.09.011" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.09</span><span class="invisible">.011</span></a><br>(Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Volume 31, Issue 12, December 2016, pages 902 - 904).</p>
Ruth Mottram<p>This morning <span class="h-card"><a href="https://fediscience.org/@OceanIceEU" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>OceanIceEU</span></a></span> is discussing deep uncertainty in <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/Antarctica" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Antarctica</span></a>'s freshwater fluxes to the ocean. <br>I like this plot from the <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/SOFIA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SOFIA</span></a> initiative to include freshwater from Antarctica in global <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/ClimateModels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateModels</span></a>. It's from Swart et al 2023 and shows the slightly shocking way that the continent is often (but not always) represented in models <a href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-198/egusphere-2023-198.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">egusphere.copernicus.org/prepr</span><span class="invisible">ints/2023/egusphere-2023-198/egusphere-2023-198.pdf</span></a></p>
beSpacific<p><a href="https://newsie.social/tags/Mapping" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Mapping</span></a> where the <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>earth</span></a> will become <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/uninhabitable" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>uninhabitable</span></a> <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/lethal" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>lethal</span></a> <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/heat" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>heat</span></a>, <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/flooded" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>flooded</span></a> <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/coastlines" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>coastlines</span></a>, powerful <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/hurricanes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>hurricanes</span></a>, <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/waterscarcity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>waterscarcity</span></a>: <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/climatemodels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>climatemodels</span></a> show that by the end of the <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/century" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>century</span></a>, life as <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/normal" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>normal</span></a> won’t be possible in many places. Find out where populations are projected to be hit hardest with our <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/3D" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>3D</span></a> interactive <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/visualisation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>visualisation</span></a>. <a href="https://interaktiv.morgenpost.de/klimawandel-hitze-meeresspiegel-wassermangel-stuerme-unbewohnbar/en.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">interaktiv.morgenpost.de/klima</span><span class="invisible">wandel-hitze-meeresspiegel-wassermangel-stuerme-unbewohnbar/en.html</span></a></p>
Ruth Mottram<p>Now sitting in a room with 18 people (12 Nationalities) discussing some of the coolest <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/ClimatePhysics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimatePhysics</span></a> and state of the art <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/ClimateModels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateModels</span></a> on the planet.<br>If this sounds like something you'd like to do, <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/SMHI" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SMHI</span></a> the Swedish Met institute are currently recruiting for a senior scientist in a permanent position... </p><p><a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/HCLIM" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>HCLIM</span></a> <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/HCLIM23" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>HCLIM23</span></a></p>
Ruth Mottram<p>I learnt several things from this article, including that in <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/California" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>California</span></a>, insurers are banned from using <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/ClimateModels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateModels</span></a> to estimate risk because it would increase premiums too much 🤦♀️🤦♀️🤦♀️</p><p>We need a new <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/ClimateScience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateScience</span></a> # now. We understand the physics of <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/climate" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>climate</span></a> pretty well (with a few notable exceptions) it's <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/adaptation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>adaptation</span></a> we need to work on. <br>How about <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/CliSciNewWave" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CliSciNewWave</span></a>? Who's in? <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/ClimateDiary" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateDiary</span></a></p><p>🎁<br>Why people struggle to understand climate risk from The Economist<br> <a href="https://econ.st/3rtIMBz" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">econ.st/3rtIMBz</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p>
Ariadne<p>“Climate change is now reaching the end-game, where very soon humanity must choose between taking unprecedented action, or accepting that it has been left too late and bear the consequences. Therefore, it is all the more important to listen to non-mainstream voices who do understand the issues and are less hesitant to cry wolf. Unfortunately for us, the wolf may already be in the house.”<br>- Hans-Joachim Schnellhuber, founding director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research [1]</p><p>There is a 10% chance, according to <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ClimateModels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateModels</span></a>, that we are on course for a total collapse of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Earth</span></a>'s <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/climate" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>climate</span></a> (the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/atmosphere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>atmosphere</span></a> - <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ocean" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ocean</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ClimateSystem" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateSystem</span></a>) - 6°C of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/GlobalWarming" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>GlobalWarming</span></a> above <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/PreIndustrial" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PreIndustrial</span></a> (pre-1750) levels [1]. Which is what 700 ppm atmospheric <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/CO2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CO2</span></a> would bring. We are projected to reach 700 ppm CO2 in 2075 (and 950 ppm by 2100) [2]. This would mean not only <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/EconomicCollapse" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>EconomicCollapse</span></a> and complete breakdown of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/human" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>human</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/society" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>society</span></a>, but a 6th <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/MassExtinction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>MassExtinction</span></a> of nearly all <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/species" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>species</span></a>. And very likely near extinction of humans. Would you board an aircraft that you knew had a 10% <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/probability" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>probability</span></a> of crashing? Well, the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IPCC" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>IPCC</span></a> and most mainstream scientists apparently would. 38% of the denizens of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Mastodon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Mastodon</span></a> who responded to a poll I did the other day would at least consider boarding an aircraft with a 1% chance of crashing. If 1% of aircraft flights ended in a crash, that would mean over 1,000 crashes per day. At 10% probability of a crash it would be 10,000 per day. Unthinkable, right? Apparently not. Not when it comes to playing with the earth's <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/climate" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>climate</span></a>. There's still a 90% chance of this not happening, after all, the IPCC reasons. So it is not “very likely”, not even “likely”. This represents ignorance of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/risk" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>risk</span></a> and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/RiskAnalysis" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>RiskAnalysis</span></a>, ignorance of the way <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/probability" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>probability</span></a> and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/statistics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>statistics</span></a> works in <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ComplexSystems" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ComplexSystems</span></a>, ignorance of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/FatTail" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>FatTail</span></a> probability distributions, ignorance of the fact that all <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NaturalSystems" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>NaturalSystems</span></a> are complex systems, which by their nature are subject to <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/TippingPoints" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>TippingPoints</span></a> – and a bizarre belief that the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NormalDistribution" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>NormalDistribution</span></a> (the so-called <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BellCurve" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BellCurve</span></a>) applies to natural systems, which it decidedly does not. Allow me to elaborate.</p><p>A couple of days ago, I ran a <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ClimateCrisis" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateCrisis</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/poll" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>poll</span></a> masquerading as a poll asking if you would board an aircraft which you knew had a 1% chance of crashing. The hints that this poll was allegorical were the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Climate" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Climate</span></a> hashtags and the link to the straightforward climate poll I ran in parallel with it.) As to the latter, which asked “Can we ignore unlikely but high risk <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/GlobalWarming" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>GlobalWarming</span></a> scenarios?”, 80% of respondents to both the German and English versions said “Absolutely Not! We risk annihilation of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Earth</span></a>!” Only 7% picked “the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IPCC" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>IPCC</span></a> ignores these [scenarios]. Me too.” This closely mirrors a statistically valid poll of 14,000 adult German citizens published in August 2021 in which 74% of people responded that humanity is about to face an <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ecological" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ecological</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/catastrophe" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>catastrophe</span></a> [3]. But surprisingly (shockingly?) 20% of respondents to the “aircraft crash” poll said they would board the aircraft even if they knew there was a 1% chance of it crashing, and 18% said they weren't sure and “would have to think about it” (94 people responded to the “aircraft” poll, 45 to the “climate” poll). Which means 38% of people would at least consider boarding such a plane. Very bad idea.</p><p>Now <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Mastodon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Mastodon</span></a> polls are in no way statistically valid (but then neither are many commercial polls that get touted by news organizations). Nonetheless, the results are very illuminating when it comes to how the IPCC, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/governments" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>governments</span></a>, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/business" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>business</span></a>, and indeed the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ScientificCommunity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ScientificCommunity</span></a> are dealing, or rather not dealing, with the fact that there is not a 1% probability but a 10% chance that <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/humans" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>humans</span></a> have put our planet on a trajectory in which <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/humans" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>humans</span></a> and most <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/species" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>species</span></a> may well become <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/extinct" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>extinct</span></a> sometime in the 22nd Century. And <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/SocietalCollapse" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SocietalCollapse</span></a> will likely happen later in our present century. The level of ignorance of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/probability" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>probability</span></a> and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/statistics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>statistics</span></a> in <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NaturalSystems" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>NaturalSystems</span></a>, specifically the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ocean" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ocean</span></a> - <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/atmosphere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>atmosphere</span></a> system – demonstrated by the IPCC and many mainstream scientists shockingly parallels the ignorance of these same subjects by 38% of the respondents to the “aircraft poll”. (For one thing, there are projected to be about 40,000,000 aircraft flights in 2023 [4]. If there were a 1% chance of a crash, that would mean 400,000 crashes this year, or over 1000 crashes per day. And yet, when we look dispassionately at the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ClimateScience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateScience</span></a>, we are treating the very real models of human-caused global-warming (Anthropogenic Global Warming, or <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/AGW" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AGW</span></a>) as if we've intentionally boarded an aircraft that has a 10% chance of crashing. Which would mean 10,000 aircraft crashes every day. Unthinkable, right? Surely no one would ever board an aircraft if this were the case.</p><p>In the case of Earth's climate, what would constitute a “crash”, the complete collapse of human society, nearly complete <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/MassExtinction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>MassExtinction</span></a> of most terrestrial species, a broad band (± 20° latitude north and south of the equator) of our <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/oceans" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>oceans</span></a> at hot tub temperatures, and an even broader band (± 30° N/S of the equator) which would be uninhabitable for humans, and large regions even further north and south (the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/American" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>American</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Southwest" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Southwest</span></a>, the interior of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Australia" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Australia</span></a>, most of the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Mediterranean" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Mediterranean</span></a>, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Arabia" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Arabia</span></a>, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Spain" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Spain</span></a>, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Portugal" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Portugal</span></a>, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/India" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>India</span></a>, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Pakistan" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Pakistan</span></a>, the south of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/France" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>France</span></a>, to name a few) which would be uninhabitable during the summer months? Scientists agree that 6°C of global warming above <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/PreIndustrial" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PreIndustrial</span></a> (before 1750 CE) would certainly do it; quite possibly less than that, due to positive <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/FeedbackLoops" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>FeedbackLoops</span></a>, but let's be conservative, like most scientists, and go with 6°C. What are the chances of that? Well, the chance of 6°C of warming within the next 100 years is 10%! </p><p>Here is an excellent graphic (see attached screenshot) from the economists Gernot Wagner's and Martin Weitzman's 2015 book “Climate shock: the economic consequences of a hotter planet” [5] (well worth a read, by the way). That doesn't quite look like a Normal distribution, does it? A pretty wonky looking “bell curve”. That's because the statistics that underlie the curve are not Normally distributed. It is not a bell curve. A Normal distribution is based upon the statistical concept known as the Central Limit Theorem <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/CentralLimitTheorem" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CentralLimitTheorem</span></a>, and the Law of [Statistical] Universality which arises from it. And that law works great – when it is applied to data whose variables do not interact with each other or with other systems, when there are no higher order interactions of variables, when there are no <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/FeedbackLoops" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>FeedbackLoops</span></a>, etc. If you're looking at a distribution of the heights or weights of 1000 randomly selected <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/penguins" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>penguins</span></a>, or people, the data will be Normally distributed, it will follow a “bell curve”, because the Central Limit Theorem tells us it will be so, and the Law of Universality must apply. But none of this is true for natural systems, whether a <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/biome" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>biome</span></a>, an <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ecosystem" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ecosystem</span></a>, or the ocean-atmosphere system that is (primarily) responsible for Earth's climate. There is another kind of statistical universality, indeed a statistical law of universality, that applies to all complex systems, and thus all natural systems, called Tracy-Widom Universality (first elaborated in 1992 by the mathematicians Craig Tracy and Harold Widom) [6]. The statistical distributions that arise from Tracy-Widom Universality are not symmetrical “bell curves” but skewed distributions with “fat tails”. Exactly that of the statistical likelihood of reaching or exceeding 6°C of global warming as shown in Wagner's and Weitzman's figure.</p><p>Are we totally screwed? Or rather, have we totally screwed ourselves and the planet? As of now, it certainly looks that way. And perhaps we are collectively okay with this. There is after all a 90% chance we won't reach or exceed 6°C of warming. But even the mainstream climate science community acknowledges we are headed for 3°C - 4°C of global warming, and headed there very soon, which will probably be more than enough to set off the collapse of the climate, of the atmospheric and ocean circulation system. And a single species, in about 300 years time, will have managed to destroy the bluest and greenest and most living of planets, 4.5 billion years in the making. It is simply not right.</p><p>[1] <a href="https://www.breakthroughonline.org.au/whatliesbeneath" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">breakthroughonline.org.au/what</span><span class="invisible">liesbeneath</span></a></p><p>[2] <a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2019/06/data-from-earths-past-holds-a-warning-for-our-future-under-climate-change/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">yaleclimateconnections.org/201</span><span class="invisible">9/06/data-from-earths-past-holds-a-warning-for-our-future-under-climate-change/</span></a></p><p>[3] <a href="https://www.fom.de/2021/august/deutschlandweite-fom-umfrage-zur-klimakrise.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">fom.de/2021/august/deutschland</span><span class="invisible">weite-fom-umfrage-zur-klimakrise.html</span></a></p><p>[4] <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/564769/airline-industry-number-of-flights/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">statista.com/statistics/564769</span><span class="invisible">/airline-industry-number-of-flights/</span></a></p><p>[5] <a href="https://archive.org/details/climateshockecon0000wagn/page/53/mode/1up?view=theater" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">archive.org/details/climatesho</span><span class="invisible">ckecon0000wagn/page/53/mode/1up?view=theater</span></a></p><p>[6] <a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/beyond-the-bell-curve-a-new-universal-law-20141015/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">quantamagazine.org/beyond-the-</span><span class="invisible">bell-curve-a-new-universal-law-20141015/</span></a></p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Klimakrise" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Klimakrise</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Klimawandel" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Klimawandel</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Klima" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Klima</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Erderw%C3%A4rmung" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Erderwärmung</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Erderhitzung" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Erderhitzung</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Atmosph%C3%A4re" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Atmosphäre</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Ozean" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Ozean</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Klimamodell" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Klimamodell</span></a></p>
Andy @Revkin<p>Quite a lede: LAMOINE - A local girl has become the first person to ever apply for a permit to keep a unicorn in the town of Lamoine.<br>Five-year-old Brielle Hamor wrote a letter to the town on Jan. 9, formally inquiring as to whether she was allowed to keep a unicorn at her home. <br>---<br>RT <span class="h-card"><a href="https://mastodon.green/@revkin" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>revkin</span></a></span><br>After an intense, productive @LeapStc @columbiaclimate meeting on <a href="https://mastodon.green/tags/AI" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AI</span></a> for <a href="https://mastodon.green/tags/climatemodels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>climatemodels</span></a>, it's wonderful to catch up on this @EllsAmerican breaking 🦄…<br><a href="https://twitter.com/Revkin/status/1615916368959836160" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">twitter.com/Revkin/status/1615</span><span class="invisible">916368959836160</span></a></p>
Andy @Revkin<p>After an intense, productive @LeapStc @columbiaclimate meeting on <a href="https://mastodon.green/tags/AI" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AI</span></a> for <a href="https://mastodon.green/tags/climatemodels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>climatemodels</span></a>, it's wonderful to catch up on this @EllsAmerican breaking 🦄 news from back home in Lamoine, Maine! <a href="https://www.ellsworthamerican.com/news/unicorn-permit-sought-in-lamoine/article_ceb465b0-969a-11ed-a665-f38bc68476cc.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">ellsworthamerican.com/news/uni</span><span class="invisible">corn-permit-sought-in-lamoine/article_ceb465b0-969a-11ed-a665-f38bc68476cc.html</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.green/tags/mainelife" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>mainelife</span></a></p>
Ruth Mottram<p>Just told to "grow up" and stop using <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/Fortran77" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Fortran77</span></a> in <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/ClimateModels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateModels</span></a> (actually I don't, ours are written in <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/FORTRAN90" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>FORTRAN90</span></a>) but it has me wondering if there are any <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>weather</span></a> + <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/climate" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>climate</span></a> models that don't use <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/FORTRAN" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>FORTRAN</span></a> as the core code apart from <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/UKESM" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>UKESM</span></a>?</p>
Steve Easterbrook<p>A fuller <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/introduction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>introduction</span></a>.</p><p>My PhD was in software systems analysis: how to handle poorly understood, conflicting system requirements (<a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/RequirementsEngineering" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>RequirementsEngineering</span></a>)</p><p>This led me to explore socio-cognitive processes of large teams (<a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/DistributedCognition" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DistributedCognition</span></a>, <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/STS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>STS</span></a>, <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/Ethnography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Ethnography</span></a>)</p><p>I have worked for NASA studying software safety for spacecraft (<a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/FormalVerification" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>FormalVerification</span></a>, <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/OrganizationalBehaviour" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>OrganizationalBehaviour</span></a>)</p><p>Now I study <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/ClimateModels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateModels</span></a> + do <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/ClimateData" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ClimateData</span></a> analytics, using all the above, plus <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/SystemsThinking" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SystemsThinking</span></a>, <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/DataScience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DataScience</span></a>, & <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/ML" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ML</span></a></p>
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