DoomsdaysCW<p>How <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NativeHawaiians" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>NativeHawaiians</span></a> Have Fought for <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Sovereignty" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Sovereignty</span></a> </p><p>Ever since the US overthrew the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Hawaiian" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Hawaiian</span></a> monarchy in an illegal <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/coup" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>coup</span></a>, Native islanders responded with <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/protest" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>protest</span></a>, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/activism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>activism</span></a> and expressions of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/cultural" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>cultural</span></a> pride.</p><p>By: Kelli Y. Nakamura<br>Published: May 10, 2023</p><p>"Ever since white Christian <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/missionaries" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>missionaries</span></a> first arrived in Hawaii (Native spelling: Hawai‘i) in the 1820s, the islands’ Native people have found their sovereignty, culture and way of life under increasing threat. For two centuries, many have resisted.</p><p>"The threats began early. By 1840, some scholars estimate, the Native Hawaiian population had plummeted by as much as 84 percent, largely due to diseases introduced by Western <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/colonizers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>colonizers</span></a>. In 1893, an illegal coup, orchestrated by a handful of white planters [<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Dole" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Dole</span></a>] and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/businessmen" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>businessmen</span></a>, ousted the sovereign Hawaiian monarchy. Five years later, the United States annexed Hawaii, viewing the islands as both a rich agricultural resource and a strategic perch in the Pacific. </p><p>"And in 1959, the U.S. legislature voted to make Hawaii America’s 50th state. During that time, colonizers confiscated lands and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/militarized" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>militarized</span></a> parts of the island. They suppressed traditional cultural and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/spiritual" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>spiritual</span></a> practices. And they banned the Hawaiian language in schools and government.</p><p>"Native Hawaiians have responded with protest, activism and expressions of Indigenous cultural pride. In the 1880s, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/KingDavidKal%C4%81kaua" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>KingDavidKalākaua</span></a> kindled nationalism and promoted Hawaii internationally as an independent sovereign kingdom. He also fostered what came to be known as the First Hawaiian Renaissance, reviving traditional cultural practices like hula dancing, an integral part of Native Hawaiian storytelling—and outlawed since 1830, largely because missionaries did not understand its cultural importance and viewed it as a pagan ritual. The Second Hawaiian Renaissance flourished in the 1960s and ’70s. Today, Native <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/HawaiianSovereignty" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>HawaiianSovereignty</span></a> remains a critical issue, informing contemporary protests against militarism, imperialism and occupation.</p><p>"'Resistance and nationalism have been intertwined throughout the last two hundred years of the history of Hawaii,' writes Noenoe Silva, a scholar of Indigenous politics at the University of Hawaii and author of Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Resistance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Resistance</span></a> to American <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Colonialism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Colonialism</span></a>."</p><p>Read more:<br><a href="https://www.history.com/news/native-hawaiian-sovereignty-protest" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">history.com/news/native-hawaii</span><span class="invisible">an-sovereignty-protest</span></a></p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/CulturalGenocide" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CulturalGenocide</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Sovereignty" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Sovereignty</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/CorporateColonialism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CorporateColonialism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/DolePineapple" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DolePineapple</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/HawaiianHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>HawaiianHistory</span></a><br><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/History" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>History</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Histodon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Histodon</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IndigenousPeople" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>IndigenousPeople</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IndigenousActivism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>IndigenousActivism</span></a></p>