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#exoplanet

1 post1 participant0 posts today
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Benjamin Carr, Ph.D. 👨🏻‍💻🧬

3D map of #exoplanet #atmosphere shows wacky climate
#Astronomers have mapped the 3D structure of the layered atmosphere of one such ultra-hot #Jupiter-size exoplanet, revealing powerful winds that create intricate #weather patterns across that atmosphere.
"This planet’s atmosphere behaves in ways that challenge our understanding of how weather works."
#Astronomy and #Astrophysics reported on unexpected identification of #titanium in the exoplanet's atmosphere as well.
arstechnica.com/science/2025/0

The 3D structure of the atmosphere of the exoplanet Tylos
Ars Technica · 3D map of exoplanet atmosphere shows wacky climateBy Jennifer Ouellette
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Keith Dawson

Barnard's Star has four planets.

This is the fourth-closest star to us, under 6 light years away, and visible from the northern hemisphere (but not to the naked eye). Only the three-star Alpha Centauri system is closer. Barnard's Star has the largest known proper motion of any star: in a human lifetime it will traverse about half the full moon's angular extension on the sky.

The planets are probably rocky, from 1/5 to 1/3 earth's diameter, orbiting 1–4 million miles out from their primary (which is itself only twice the diameter of Jupiter). Orbital periods of a few days. Too close, alas: inside the habitable zone.

announcement:
news.uchicago.edu/story/study-

paper:
Four sub-Earth planets orbiting Barnard’s Star from MAROON-X and ESPRESSO
Basant et al, Astrophysical Journal Letters, March 11, 2025
iopscience.iop.org/article/10.

University of Chicago NewsStudy by UChicago scientists finds four tiny planets around one of our nearest starsMAROON-X instrument finds evidence for planets around famous Barnard’s Star
#Exoplanet#Astronomy#Physics
Public
Mikko Tuomi

Small #planets have nearly circular orbits, while giant planets have orbits about four times more elliptical.

The finding points toward two different pathways by which large and small planets form.

The #eccentricity split coincides with several other iconic features in the #exoplanet population, such as the high abundance of small planets over large planets and a tendency for giant planets to form only around #stars enriched in heavy elements.

#astronomy #exoplanets
astrobiology.com/2025/03/small

Astrobiology · Small And Large Planets Have Significantly Different Upbringings - AstrobiologyThe shape of a planet’s orbit is one of its fundamental properties, along with its size and distance from its host star.
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Euclid Consortium

Later today, the first commercial launch of an #Ariane6 rocket is planned, after the maiden flight in July 2024 that was mostly successful. Ariane 6 had been the backup launcher for #Euclid for many years.

Originally and for many years, Euclid was slated to launch on a Russian #Soyuz from French Guyana, which changed following the invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent stop of collaboration of #ESA with Roskosmos, the company behind Soyuz.

After this, Ariane 6 became the primary launcher on launch slot 4 or 5, but given that Euclid was almost ready for launch already in 2022, alternatives were looked into, and in the end Euclid successfully launched with a US company on 1 July 2023.

So we've been following #Ariane6's development for a while. All the best for this launch 🤞🤞🏽🤞🏻.

Next #ESA #astronomy mission to be launched with Arianne 6 is the #exoplanet satellite #PLATO, towards the end of 2026.

All about today's launch: esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space

www.esa.intArianeAriane
#space
Public
Daniel Fischer

Highly reflective white clouds on the western dayside of an exo-Neptune: arxiv.org/abs/2501.14016 -> JWST provides insights into rare ultra-hot Neptune LTT 9779 b / Today's forecast - partially cloudy skies on an "ultra-hot Neptune": physics.ox.ac.uk/news/jwst-pro / nouvelles.umontreal.ca/en/arti #exoplanet

arXiv.orgHighly reflective white clouds on the western dayside of an exo-NeptuneHighly-irradiated gas giant exoplanets are predicted to show circulation patterns dominated by day-to-night heat transport and a spatial distribution of clouds that is driven by advection and local heating. Hot-Jupiters have been extensively studied from broadband phase-curve observations at infrared and optical wavelengths, but spectroscopic observations in the reflected light are rare and the regime of smaller and higher-metallicity ultra-hot planets, such as hot-Neptunes, remains largely unexplored to date. Here we present the phase-resolved reflected-light and thermal-emission spectroscopy of the ultra-hot Neptune LTT 9779b, obtained through observing its full phase-curve from 0.6 to 2.8 $μ$m with JWST NIRISS/SOSS. We detect an asymmetric dayside in reflected light (3.1$σ$ significance) with highly-reflective white clouds on the western dayside (A = 0.79$\pm$0.15) and a much lower-albedo eastern dayside (A = 0.41$\pm$0.10), resulting in an overall dayside albedo of A = 0.50$\pm$0.07. The thermal phase curve is symmetric about the substellar point, with a dayside effective temperature of T$_\mathrm{eff,day}$ = 2,260$^{+40}_{-50}$ K and a cold nightside (T$_\mathrm{eff,night}$ <1,330 K at 3-$σ$ confidence), indicative of short radiative timescales. We propose an atmospheric circulation and cloud distribution regime in which heat is transported eastward from the dayside towards the cold nightside by an equatorial jet, leading to a colder western dayside where temperatures are sufficiently low for the condensation of silicate clouds.
Public
Mikko Tuomi

Astronomers have peered through the #atmosphere of an #exoplanet, mapping its 3D structure for the first time.

WASP-121 b has powerful winds carrying chemical elements like iron and titanium, creating intricate weather patterns across the #planet’s atmosphere.

The discovery opens the door for detailed studies of the chemical makeup and weather of other alien worlds.

#astronomy #exoplanets
eso.org/public/news/eso2504/

www.eso.org“Out of science fiction”: First 3D observations of an exoplanet’s atmosphere reveal a unique climateAstronomers have peered through the atmosphere of a planet beyond the Solar System, mapping its 3D structure for the first time. By combining all four telescope units of the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (ESO’s VLT), they found powerful winds carrying chemical elements like iron and titanium, creating intricate weather patterns across the planet’s atmosphere. The discovery opens the door for detailed studies of the chemical makeup and weather of other alien worlds.
Public
Mikko Tuomi

Astronomers have confirmed the existence of #exoplanet Gaia-4b—one of the most massive #planets known to orbit a low-mass #star.

Gaia-4b is also the first #planet detected by the #Gaia spacecraft using the #astrometric technique.

The newly discovered exoplanet, named Gaia-4b, has an orbital period of 570 days and a mass of 12 Jupiter masses and orbits a star 64% of the mass of the sun.

#astronomy
phys.org/news/2025-02-high-pre

Phys.org · High-precision spectrograph confirms massive exoplanet orbiting a low-mass starBy Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy
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Mikko Tuomi

World's darkest and clearest skies at risk from industrial megaproject.

Since its inauguration in 1999, #Paranal Observatory has led to significant #astronomy breakthroughs, such as the first image of an #exoplanet and confirming the accelerated expansion of the #Universe.

Now Paranal is threatened by an industrial megaproject, planned to be located just 5 to 11 kilometres, which would cause irreparable damage to astronomical observations due to light pollution.

eso.org/public/news/eso2501/

www.eso.orgWorld's darkest and clearest skies at risk from industrial megaprojectOn December 24th, AES Andes, a subsidiary of the US power company AES Corporation, submitted a project for a massive industrial complex for environmental impact assessment. This complex threatens the pristine skies above ESO’s Paranal Observatory in Chile’s Atacama Desert, the darkest and clearest of any astronomical observatory in the world [1]. The industrial megaproject is planned to be located just 5 to 11 kilometres from telescopes at Paranal, which would cause irreparable damage to astronomical observations, in particular due to light pollution emitted throughout the project’s operational life. Relocating the complex would save one of Earth's last truly pristine dark skies.
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Dr. Alexandre Santerne 🌍

Today during my M2 #exoplanet course at Aix-Marseille University, I had a trouble to plug my iPad Pro to the hdmi cable for my #keynote lecture. Not the first time but it gets worse every time (I need to fix that ASAP).

So instead, I used my iPhone and it went very smoothly (albeit I did not have the latest version of my course on the cloud).

Maybe in 10 years, I will give my keynote presentation from my watch … 😅

#AcademicLife
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The Krononaut Moon Project 🌑

 
Scientists discover #planet orbiting closest single #star to our #sun

…"Using the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (ESO's VLT), #astronomers have discovered an #exoplanet orbiting Barnard's star … observations also hint at the existence of three more exoplanet candidates, in various orbits around the star"…

🔗 phys.org/news/2024-09-scientis 01 Oct 2024
🔗 space.com/barnards-star-exopla 01 Oct 2024

Phys.org · Scientists discover planet orbiting closest single star to our sunBy ESO
#Community#TimeTravel#Research
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